Why Does The Vatican Have Swiss Guards? Discover The Fascinating Truth

Despite being the smallest state in the world, Vatican City is anything but insignificant. In fact, it even has its own army. Among its most recognizable figures are the Swiss Guard, the soldiers responsible for protecting the Pope. Composed exclusively of Swiss nationals, they have been safeguarding the Vatican for over 500 years, making them the longest-standing army in the world. But you might be asking yourself, why does the Vatican have Swiss Guards? What are the Vatican Guards called officially? And what do they do today? 

These questions often come up when visiting or learning about the Vatican, since the story behind their presence isn’t always widely known. Read on to discover who the Swiss Guards are and why they are still so important to the Vatican in modern day.

One of the best views of The Vatican is form the dome of St. Peter´s Basilica

Who Guards the Vatican? 

The Vatican’s security system is more complex than it first appears. One of the more surprising fun facts about Vatican City is that, despite its tiny size, it maintains both a military unit and a separate police force.

To break it down, the Swiss Guards (officially known as the Pontifical Swiss Guard) are the body that is responsible for protecting the Pope and key areas of Vatican City. The military force of Vatican City is dedicated exclusively to the security of the Pope and his residence, functioning sort of like an exclusive bodyguard. 

The Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City State, on the other hand, handles law enforcement, border control, and general security within the city-state, ensuring that visitors exploring sites like the Sistine Chapel or the Vatican Museums are safe. 

While their roles are distinct, the two forces work closely together and complement each other as part of a coordinated security system. 

Photo credit: www.schweizergarde.ch

Why does the Vatican have Swiss Guards? 

So, why do Swiss Guards guard the Vatican in the first place?

The answer goes back to the early 16th century, when Swiss soldiers were considered among the most reliable and highly trained mercenaries in Europe. Their reputation for discipline and dedication made them a natural choice for Pope Julius II, who established the Swiss Guard in 1506 as his personal protection force.

Their loyalty was proven during the Sack of Rome in 1527, when Swiss Guards defended Pope Clement VII against invading troops, one hundred and forty-seven of whom lost their lives in the process, cementing their reputation for centuries to come.

So, to address the question of why Swiss Guards protect the Vatican, a key reason lies in a long tradition of trust; they do so not only for practical security purposes, but as part of a centuries-old legacy that continues to this day.

Photo credit: www.schweizergarde.ch

What do the Swiss Guards Actually Do Today?

If you are wondering why the Swiss Guards still guard the Vatican in modern times, you are in the right place. 

While the role of the Swiss Guard is rooted in history, they also have important responsibilities in the present day. This includes operating as a trained, modern security force dedicated to keeping both the Pope and the Vatican safe.

If you plan on visiting the Sistine Chapel and other famous spots around Vatican City, you’ll spot the Pontifical Swiss Guard stationed at key points like St. Peter’s Basilica. While their primary duty is, of course, to protect the Pope, they have additional official responsibilities, including:

• To accompany the Supreme Pontiff on Apostolic journeys
• To guard the access to the Vatican City State
• To protect the College of Cardinals during the Vacant See
• To perform other services of order and honor

The Swiss Guard also serves in Papal Chapels, ceremonies, and official audiences, receiving orders from the Prefect of the Papal Household. During key moments such as a papal transition, they help safeguard the process, including protecting the College of Cardinals during a conclave.

Insider Tip: On our Vatican Tours, you’ll also have the chance to see the Swiss Guards up close and take photos of them on duty.

Photo credit: www.schweizergarde.ch

How Are the Swiss Guards Recruited? 

Joining the Pontifical Swiss Guard is a highly selective process. Candidates apply through a formal application that includes background checks and a recommendation from their local parish, reflecting the importance placed on personal discipline and commitment.

To be eligible, recruits must:

• Be Swiss citizens
• Be male and Catholic
• Be unmarried at the time of entry (with specific conditions for marriage during service)
• Be between 19 and 30 years old
• Be at least 1.74 m tall
• Have completed military training in Switzerland
• Have a clean criminal record

Guards must also be fluent in German since that’s the official working language of the Vatican Guards –though they also generally speak Italian and multiple other languages to interact with visitors from around the world.

Photo credit: www.schweizergarde.ch

What’s With the Uniforms?

The Swiss Guard’s colorful uniforms are one of their emblematic features. Designed in a Renaissance style, the blue, red, and yellow outfits (known as gala uniforms) are often incorrectly attributed to Michelangelo, but they actually date to the early 20th century, inspired by the historical colors of the Medici family.

While the gala uniform is the most famous and recognizable, the Swiss Guard also wears several other distinct outfits, each designed for specific duties, from daily service and training to ceremonial occasions.

As part of their official equipment, the Swiss guards also carry weapons, with the halberd being their traditional tool. The guards are also trained to use modern-day arms, including stun guns, which were introduced in 1981. 

Photo credit: www.schweizergarde.ch

Why Does the Vatican Have Swiss Guards Today?

To sum up, it’s a combination of history, trust, and practicality. 

What began in 1506 as a small group of elite mercenaries has evolved into one of the most unique security forces in the world. Today, the Pontifical Swiss Guard continues to protect the Pope and Vatican City, both because of tradition, while also functioning as an active modern security unit.

And while their eye-catching uniforms may be the first thing you notice, it’s their history and ongoing role that make them such an essential part of the Vatican experience. 

Want to see them up close? On our Vatican tours, you’ll have the chance to spot the Swiss Guard in action, learn more about their story, and capture some of the most iconic photos of your visit. 

The Vatican Museums house an extensive collection of art and artifacts amassed by the Catholic Church over centuries.

FAQs – Why Does The Vatican Have Swiss Guards?

What Can I Expect to Visit on a Vatican Tour?

All of our tours are designed to provide a comprehensive overview of the Vatican and its historic, religious and artistic importance. While each tour offers its own itinerary, most tend to include highlights like St. Peter’s Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and key sections of the Vatican Museums. 

You can check our full offering of tours at the Vatican.

Are Private Tours Available?

Yes! Our Private Vatican Tour is a great option if you’re looking for a more personalized and flexible experience. With one of our expert guides, you’ll be able to explore Vatican City at your own pace and focus on what interests you most –whether that’s lingering over Raphael’s frescoes, admiring Michelangelo’s Pietà, or taking in St. Peter’s Dome.

Will I See the Swiss Guards During My Tour?

Most of our tours pass through the areas where the Swiss Guards are stationed, so there’s a good chance you’ll catch them in action. Your expert guide will likely explain why the Swiss guard the Vatican, along with other interesting context that brings this historical site to life.

A guided tour will bring the abundance of artifacts to life with stories and historical significance.

Check out our complete list of Vatican Tours with Walks of Italy and explore the smallest country in the world with professional guides, skip-the-line access, and exclusive insights that you won’t find on your own.